polyphosphates
Basic Information
| Field | Content |
|---|---|
| Chinese name | polyphosphates |
| English name | polyphosphates |
| INS/E number | INS 452 |
| Functional class | Mineral salt, Emulsifier |
| Year adopted | 1964 |
| Approved by | Australia/New Zealand (FSANZ), European Union (EFSA) |
What is it?
Polyphosphates are mixtures of linear or cyclic phosphates of varying chain length, including sodium hexametaphosphate and potassium polymetaphosphate. They are moisture retainers, emulsifying salts, chelating agents and quality improvers with the strongest water-binding and chelating ability, used in meat, seafood and processed cheese.
Source
Industrial：由正磷酸盐高温脱水缩合生成聚磷酸盐，再中和、冷却、粉碎
Why is it used?
- Improves water-holding, tenderness and yield of meat and seafood
- Stabilises proteins in processed cheese as emulsifying salt
- Strongly chelates metal ions to prevent discolouration and oxidation
- Binds proteins to improve texture and extend shelf life
Common Foods
- Sausages
- Luncheon meat
- Processed cheese
- Surimi products
- Frozen prepared foods
- Cured meat products
Safety
ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake)：0-70 mg/kg bw (as phosphorus, for phosphates group)
Concerns：
- 高磷摄入可能影响钙磷平衡及肾功能
- 需控制总磷酸盐摄入量
Usage Standard
China：GB 2760《食品安全国家标准 食品添加剂使用标准》
International：
- EU Regulation 1333/2008 Annex II (E 452)
- FDA 21 CFR 182.6769 (sodium hexametaphosphate)
- Codex GSFA (INS 452)
- FSANZ Food Standards Code (452)
- JECFA Monograph (1964)
In a nutshell
Polyphosphates are the strongest water-binding and chelating phosphates, widely used to improve quality in meat, seafood and cheese.
Consumer Advice
Polyphosphates are long-chain phosphate salts (e.g. sodium hexametaphosphate), often used together with di- and triphosphates as water-retention agents, sequestrants and emulsifying salts in meat, seafood, dairy and beverages. They improve water-holding, prevent discolouration and stop precipitation. They are safe within legal limits, but they add phosphorus to food, so those with kidney issues or phosphorus restrictions should be cautious.
Dietary Restrictions
- Vegan: ✅
- Halal: ✅
- Kosher: ✅
Allergens
✅ Free from common allergens
Disclaimer
The information provided here is for discussion and educational purposes only. It is not medical advice or an evaluation/rating of any product or ingredient. This information may not apply to you; before using or taking any action, you should contact the manufacturer, vendor, medical, dietary, fitness, or other professionals. If you use any information provided here, you do so at your own risk.