malic acid
Basic Information
| Field | Content |
|---|---|
| Chinese name | DL-苹果酸 |
| English name | malic acid |
| INS/E number | INS 296 |
| Functional class | Acidity regulator, Sequestrant |
| Year adopted | 1999 |
| Approved by | Australia/New Zealand (FSANZ), European Union (EFSA) |
What is it?
malic acid (INS 296) is a Acidity regulator, Sequestrant food additive. Used to regulate or maintain acidity (pH), affecting flavour, colour and stability.Binds metal ions to prevent oxidation, discolouration or deterioration catalysed by metals.
Source
Natural：Mostly organic acids naturally present in foods (e.g. citric, malic, lactic acid).E.g. citric acid and its salts occur naturally in citrus fruits.
Industrial：Their salts (e.g. sodium citrate, phosphates) are made by neutralisation.Synthesised from the corresponding acids or salts (e.g. EDTA salts, phosphates).
Why is it used?
- Adjust pH
- Improve flavour
- Enhance preservation and colour stability
- Chelate metal ions
- Prevent oxidative discolouration
- Stabilise quality
Common Foods
- Beverages
- Confectionery
- Dairy
- Canned foods
- Bakery
- Edible oils
- Sauces
- Cured foods
Safety
Mostly organic acids naturally present in foods; safe within permitted use.Safe within permitted use; excessive phosphate intake may affect calcium–phosphorus balance.
Metabolism：Metabolic pathways vary by substance; generally the material is metabolised or excreted normally.
Concerns：
- Use within permitted levels
- Sensitive individuals should check the ingredient list
Usage Standard
China：依据 GB 2760《食品安全国家标准 食品添加剂使用标准》确定使用范围与最大使用量；具体限值随食品类别而异。
International：
- China GB 2760 National Food Safety Standard for Uses of Food Additives：https://www.cfsa.net.cn/
- Codex GSFA General Standard for Food Additives：https://www.fao.org/food-safety/codex-alimentarius/en/
- FAO/WHO JECFA (Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives)：https://www.fao.org/food-safety/scientific-advice/jecfa/en/
- US FDA Substances Added to Food：https://www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/substances-added-food-previously-food-additive-status-list
- EU EFSA Food Additives：https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/topics/topic/food-additives
In a nutshell
malic acid is a Acidity regulator, Sequestrant, safe for use in food production within permitted limits.
Disclaimer
The information provided here is for discussion and educational purposes only. It is not medical advice or an evaluation/rating of any product or ingredient. This information may not apply to you; before using or taking any action, you should contact the manufacturer, vendor, medical, dietary, fitness, or other professionals. If you use any information provided here, you do so at your own risk.