lecithins
Basic Information
| Field | Content |
|---|---|
| Chinese name | 磷脂 |
| English name | lecithins |
| INS/E number | INS 322 |
| Functional class | Antioxidant, Emulsifier |
| Year adopted | To be added. |
| Approved by | Australia/New Zealand (FSANZ), European Union (EFSA) |
What is it?
lecithins (INS 322) is a Antioxidant, Emulsifier food additive. Used to slow or prevent oxidative deterioration, discolouration and rancidity.Allows immiscible liquids (e.g. oil and water) to form a stable uniform system, improving texture.
Source
Natural：Some occur naturally in plants and animals (e.g. vitamin C, vitamin E, tea polyphenols).Some derive from natural raw materials (e.g. soy lecithin, egg-yolk phospholipids).
Industrial：Some are synthesised or purified (e.g. ascorbyl palmitate, TBHQ).Many are made by esterifying glycerol with fatty acids or further derivatisation (e.g. monoglycerides, spans, tweens).
Why is it used?
- Delay fat oxidation/rancidity
- Preserve colour and flavour
- Protect oxidisable nutrients
- Stabilise oil-water emulsions
- Improve mouthfeel and structure
- Prevent separation
Common Foods
- Edible oils
- Fat-based products
- Meat products
- Nuts
- Snack foods
- Margarine
- Ice cream
- Bakery
- Chocolate
- Sauces
Safety
Most are nutrients or generally recognised as safe within permitted use; some synthetic antioxidants have scope restrictions.Largely metabolised in the gut; generally safe within permitted use; JECFA sets ADI where applicable.
Metabolism：Metabolic pathways vary by substance; generally the material is metabolised or excreted normally.
Concerns：
- Use within permitted levels
- Sensitive individuals should check the ingredient list
Usage Standard
China：依据 GB 2760《食品安全国家标准 食品添加剂使用标准》确定使用范围与最大使用量；具体限值随食品类别而异。
International：
- China GB 2760 National Food Safety Standard for Uses of Food Additives：https://www.cfsa.net.cn/
- Codex GSFA General Standard for Food Additives：https://www.fao.org/food-safety/codex-alimentarius/en/
- FAO/WHO JECFA (Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives)：https://www.fao.org/food-safety/scientific-advice/jecfa/en/
- US FDA Substances Added to Food：https://www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/substances-added-food-previously-food-additive-status-list
- EU EFSA Food Additives：https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/topics/topic/food-additives
In a nutshell
lecithins is a Antioxidant, Emulsifier, safe for use in food production within permitted limits.
Disclaimer
The information provided here is for discussion and educational purposes only. It is not medical advice or an evaluation/rating of any product or ingredient. This information may not apply to you; before using or taking any action, you should contact the manufacturer, vendor, medical, dietary, fitness, or other professionals. If you use any information provided here, you do so at your own risk.