propylene glycol
Basic Information
| Field | Content |
|---|---|
| Chinese name | propylene glycol |
| English name | propylene glycol |
| INS/E number | INS 1520 |
| Functional class | Humectant |
| Year adopted | 1990 |
| Approved by | Australia/New Zealand (FSANZ), European Union (EFSA) |
What is it?
Propylene glycol is a colourless, slightly sweet, viscous dihydric alcohol produced by hydrating propylene oxide; it is a synthetic additive. With good humectant, solvent and carrier properties it is widely used as a humectant, solvent and flavour carrier.
Source
Industrial：环氧丙烷经水合反应生成丙二醇，再经蒸馏精制制得
Why is it used?
- Humectant preventing drying/hardening
- Solvent and carrier for flavours and colours
- Antifreeze improving frozen-food texture
- Extraction solvent and defoaming aid
- Enhances stability of liquid foods
Common Foods
- Beverages and flavour syrups
- Ice cream and frozen desserts
- Bakery and pastry
- Sauces and dressings
- Processed meats and instant noodles
Safety
ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake)：0-25 mg/kg bw
Concerns：
- 猫等宠物代谢能力差，须避免
- 高剂量可致高渗/肾负担
- 在部分国家禁止用于猫食品
Usage Standard
China：GB 2760《食品安全国家标准 食品添加剂使用标准》（丙二醇，按生产需要适量使用）
International：
- EU Regulation 1333/2008 Annex II (E 1520)
- FDA 21 CFR 184.1666 (GRAS)
- Codex GSFA (INS 1520)
- FSANZ Food Standards Code (E 1520)
In a nutshell
Propylene glycol is a synthetic humectant/solvent that is safe within its ADI (0–25 mg/kg bw), though pets are more sensitive.
Consumer Advice
Propylene glycol is a colorless, nearly odorless solvent and humectant used in food as a moisture-retention agent, solvent, and carrier in drinks, ice cream, candy, and flavor/color preparations. It is safe within approved limits, but excessive intake may cause drowsiness or nausea, and infants and people with kidney problems should be especially cautious. It is also used in industrial antifreeze, so the pure substance must never be consumed directly.
Dietary Restrictions
- Vegan: ✅
- Halal: ✅
- Kosher: ✅
Allergens
✅ Free from common allergens
Disclaimer
The information provided here is for discussion and educational purposes only. It is not medical advice or an evaluation/rating of any product or ingredient. This information may not apply to you; before using or taking any action, you should contact the manufacturer, vendor, medical, dietary, fitness, or other professionals. If you use any information provided here, you do so at your own risk.