Food Additives Encyclopedia

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diphosphates ​

Basic Information ​

FieldContent
Chinese namediphosphates
English namediphosphates
INS/E numberINS 450
Functional classMineral salt, Emulsifier
Year adopted1964
Approved byAustralia/New Zealand (FSANZ), European Union (EFSA)

What is it? ​

Diphosphates (pyrophosphates) are phosphates containing two phosphorus atoms, including disodium, dipotassium, calcium and sodium calcium pyrophosphate. They act as moisture retainers, pH regulators, emulsifying salts and quality improvers, chelating metal ions and interacting with proteins to improve water-holding in meat and seafood.

Source ​

Industrial：由正磷酸盐加热脱水缩合生成焦磷酸盐，再中和、结晶、干燥

Why is it used? ​

  • Improves water-holding, tenderness and yield of meat and seafood
  • Stabilises proteins in processed cheese as emulsifying salt
  • Chelates metal ions to prevent discolouration and oxidation
  • Adjusts pH and improves dough processing

Common Foods ​

  • Sausages
  • Luncheon meat
  • Processed cheese
  • Surimi products
  • Frozen prepared foods
  • Bakery premixes

Safety ​

ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake)：0-70 mg/kg bw (as phosphorus, for phosphates group)

Concerns：

  • 高磷摄入可能影响钙磷平衡及肾功能
  • 需控制总磷酸盐摄入量

Usage Standard ​

China：GB 2760《食品安全国家标准 食品添加剂使用标准》

International：

  • EU Regulation 1333/2008 Annex II (E 450)
  • FDA 21 CFR 182.6787 (sodium pyrophosphate, etc.)
  • Codex GSFA (INS 450)
  • FSANZ Food Standards Code (450)
  • JECFA Monograph (1964)

In a nutshell ​

Diphosphates are versatile phosphate additives for water retention, emulsification and quality improvement in meat and cheese.

Consumer Advice ​

Diphosphates are phosphate-based mineral salts (such as sodium or calcium pyrophosphate) used as water-retention agents, leavening acids, acidity regulators and emulsifying salts in ham, sausages, noodles, baked goods and processed cheese. They help meat hold water and dough rise. They are safe within permitted limits, but they add phosphorus to the diet, so people with kidney problems or who must limit phosphorus should be mindful of highly processed foods.

Dietary Restrictions ​

  • Vegan: ✅
  • Halal: ✅
  • Kosher: ✅

Allergens ​

✅ Free from common allergens

Disclaimer ​

The information provided here is for discussion and educational purposes only. It is not medical advice or an evaluation/rating of any product or ingredient. This information may not apply to you; before using or taking any action, you should contact the manufacturer, vendor, medical, dietary, fitness, or other professionals. If you use any information provided here, you do so at your own risk.