hexamethylene tetramine (hexamine)
Basic Information
| Field | Content |
|---|---|
| Chinese name | hexamethylene tetramine (hexamine) |
| English name | hexamethylene tetramine (hexamine) |
| INS/E number | INS 239 |
| Functional class | Preservative |
| Year adopted | 1970 |
| Approved by | European Union (EFSA) |
What is it?
Hexamethylenetetramine (hexamine) is a nitrogenous heterocycle that slowly releases formaldehyde in acid foods, acting as a preservative.
Source
Industrial：甲醛与氨（或氯化铵）缩合制得六亚甲基四胺
Why is it used?
- Slowly releases formaldehyde under acidic conditions for preservation
- Inhibits microbial growth
- Used in specific foods such as cheese and shrimp
- Provides sustained antimicrobial effect
Common Foods
- Provolone and similar cheeses
- Shrimp (traditional preservation)
- Some cured products
Safety
ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake)：0-0.15 mg/kg bw
Concerns：
- 体内释放甲醛，存在健康关注
- 欧盟等地区已限制或禁用
- 残留以甲醛计需符合限量
Usage Standard
China：GB 2760《食品安全国家标准 食品添加剂使用标准》（限特定干酪）
International：
- EU Regulation 1333/2008 (E 239，多数用途已禁用/严格限制)
- FDA 21 CFR (极少用于直接食品，主要限特定用途)
- Codex GSFA (INS 239)
- Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code (Hexamethylenetetramine)
- JECFA Monograph (ADI 0-0.15 mg/kg bw)
In a nutshell
Hexamethylenetetramine preserves by slowly releasing formaldehyde; effective yet restricted due to formaldehyde concerns.
Consumer Advice
Hexamethylenetetramine (methenamine) was once used as a preservative in some cheese products, but the EU banned it as a direct food additive in 2005 and it is not approved in China's GB 2760. Under acidic conditions it can break down to formaldehyde. Compliant foods should not contain it; if it appears on a label, treat the product with caution and avoid it.
Dietary Restrictions
- Vegan: ✅
- Halal: ✅
- Kosher: ✅
Allergens
✅ Free from common allergens
Disclaimer
The information provided here is for discussion and educational purposes only. It is not medical advice or an evaluation/rating of any product or ingredient. This information may not apply to you; before using or taking any action, you should contact the manufacturer, vendor, medical, dietary, fitness, or other professionals. If you use any information provided here, you do so at your own risk.