Cochineal, carmines
Basic Information
| Field | Content |
|---|---|
| Chinese name | Cochineal, carmines |
| English name | Cochineal, carmines |
| INS/E number | INS 120 |
| Functional class | Colour |
| Year adopted | 1969 |
| Approved by | Australia/New Zealand (FSANZ), European Union (EFSA) |
What is it?
Cochineal/carmine (INS 120) is a natural red colour extracted from the cochineal insect (Dactylopius coccus), mainly carminic acid, used as a red colour (also as aluminium lake).
Source
Natural：胭脂虫（雌虫）
Why is it used?
- Provides a stable red colour to foods and drugs
- Natural origin with heat and light stability
- Used in meat products, beverages and confectionery
Common Foods
- Meat products
- Beverages
- Confectionery
- Dairy products
- Jams
- Pharmaceutical coatings
Safety
在规定限量内总体安全，但少数人（尤其哮喘患者）可能对其过敏。
ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake)：0-5 mg/kg bw
Concerns：
- 少数人群过敏（哮喘患者）
Usage Standard
China：GB 2760
International：
- EU 1333/2008 Annex II (E 120)
- FDA 21 CFR 73.100 (cochineal extract)
- FDA 21 CFR 73.105 (carmine)
- Codex GSFA (INS 120)
- FSANZ (120)
- 需标注'胭脂虫'过敏原
In a nutshell
Cochineal/carmine is a natural red colour from insects; may cause allergy in few people.
Consumer Advice
Carmine is a natural red colour made from female cochineal insects, a type of scale insect that lives on cacti. It is used in drinks, processed meats, sweets, yoghurt and cosmetics and is permitted in most countries. Because it comes from insects, vegetarians and vegans should avoid it, and whether it meets halal and kosher rules is debated. Very rarely it can trigger allergic reactions, including severe ones.
Dietary Restrictions
- Vegan: ❌
Allergens
✅ Free from common allergens
Disclaimer
The information provided here is for discussion and educational purposes only. It is not medical advice or an evaluation/rating of any product or ingredient. This information may not apply to you; before using or taking any action, you should contact the manufacturer, vendor, medical, dietary, fitness, or other professionals. If you use any information provided here, you do so at your own risk.