Food Additives Encyclopedia

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propionic acid ​

Basic Information ​

FieldContent
Chinese namepropionic acid
English namepropionic acid
INS/E numberINS 280
Functional classPreservative
Year adopted1972
Approved byAustralia/New Zealand (FSANZ), European Union (EFSA)

What is it? ​

Propionic acid is a naturally occurring short-chain fatty acid produced by fermentation of sugars or synthetically, used mainly as a mould-inhibiting preservative.

Source ​

Industrial：由丙烯催化氧化或糖质发酵制得丙酸

Why is it used? ​

  • Effectively inhibits moulds and some bacteria
  • Extends shelf life of bread and bakery products
  • Occurs naturally in some cheeses
  • Active from acidic to near-neutral pH

Common Foods ​

  • Bread and bakery products
  • Cheese
  • Cereal products
  • Feed mould control

Safety ​

ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake)：not limited (内源性代谢物)

Concerns：

  • 高浓度有刺激性气味
  • 主要用于焙烤与乳制品

Usage Standard ​

China：GB 2760《食品安全国家标准 食品添加剂使用标准》

International：

  • EU Regulation 1333/2008 Annex II (E 280)
  • FDA 21 CFR 184.1081 (Propionic acid, GRAS)
  • Codex GSFA (INS 280)
  • Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code (Propionic acid)
  • JECFA Monograph (ADI not limited)

In a nutshell ​

Propionic acid is a natural short-chain fatty acid mainly used to prevent mould in bakery, safely metabolised.

Consumer Advice ​

Propionic acid and its sodium and calcium salts are common mould-inhibiting preservatives used mainly in bread and other baked goods to prevent mould growth and 'rope' spoilage. Propionic acid occurs naturally in some fermented foods and in the human gut as a normal metabolite. It is recognised as safe by major food-safety bodies at permitted levels and causes no side effects for most people.

Dietary Restrictions ​

  • Vegan: ✅
  • Halal: ✅
  • Kosher: ✅

Allergens ​

✅ Free from common allergens

Disclaimer ​

The information provided here is for discussion and educational purposes only. It is not medical advice or an evaluation/rating of any product or ingredient. This information may not apply to you; before using or taking any action, you should contact the manufacturer, vendor, medical, dietary, fitness, or other professionals. If you use any information provided here, you do so at your own risk.