Food Additives Encyclopedia

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anthocyanins ​

Basic Information ​

FieldContent
Chinese nameanthocyanins
English nameanthocyanins
INS/E numberINS 163
Functional classColour
Year adopted1975
Approved byAustralia/New Zealand (FSANZ), European Union (EFSA)

What is it? ​

Anthocyanins are water-soluble natural flavonoid pigments widespread in fruits and vegetables; their colour shifts from red to purple to blue with pH, and the term covers several plant-extract colours.

Source ​

Natural：葡萄皮、黑加仑、紫玉米、红甘蓝等富含花青素的植物部位

Why is it used? ​

  • Provides natural red/purple/blue shades
  • pH-responsive colour for novelty foods
  • Suitable for clean-label products
  • Has some antioxidant properties
  • Used in beverages, confectionery and dairy colouring

Common Foods ​

  • Beverages and fruit juices
  • Confectionery and jellies
  • Yoghurt
  • Jams
  • Bakery products

Safety ​

ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake)：Not applicable (evaluated, no limit set)

Concerns：

  • 对 pH、热、光敏感易变色褪色
  • 不同来源组成差异较大需规格控制

Usage Standard ​

China：GB 2760（相应植物提取物色素品种）

International：

  • EU Regulation 1333/2008 Annex II (E 163)
  • FDA 21 CFR 73.250 (Grape colour extract) 等依来源
  • Codex GSFA (INS 163)
  • FSANZ Food Standards Code (Anthocyanins)

In a nutshell ​

Anthocyanins are natural water-soluble plant pigments that are safe and pH-responsive but moderately unstable.

Consumer Advice ​

Anthocyanins are a family of natural water-soluble pigments that give many red, purple and blue fruits and vegetables their colour, including grapes, blueberries, red cabbage and blackcurrants. Food-grade anthocyanins are usually extracted from grape skins, purple corn or black carrots and are used in drinks, jams, sweets and yoghurt. They are approved in China and the EU (E163) and are considered safe at approved levels.

Dietary Restrictions ​

  • Vegan: ✅
  • Halal: ✅
  • Kosher: ✅

Allergens ​

✅ Free from common allergens

Disclaimer ​

The information provided here is for discussion and educational purposes only. It is not medical advice or an evaluation/rating of any product or ingredient. This information may not apply to you; before using or taking any action, you should contact the manufacturer, vendor, medical, dietary, fitness, or other professionals. If you use any information provided here, you do so at your own risk.